An exhibition of indigenous cattle breeds at the Southern Dairy and Food Conclave in Kozhikode has drawn strong interest from farmers, breeders and dairy professionals, underlining renewed attention on India’s native livestock genetics. The event, hosted at the Calicut Trade Centre, showcases rare and diverse cattle breeds from across the country, reflecting their relevance to sustainable dairy and mixed farming systems.
Punganur Cow Emerges as Centre of Attention
Among the exhibits, the Punganur cow, one of the world’s smallest and rarest cattle breeds, has emerged as a major attraction. Standing at just 97 cm, the Andhra Pradesh native is often mistaken for a calf even at maturity. Despite its diminutive size, the breed is valued for its adaptability, low maintenance requirements and cultural significance. With an average milk yield of around two litres per day, Punganur cattle are increasingly viewed as suitable for smallholders and backyard dairy systems.
Diversity Across India’s Indigenous Breeds
The exhibition presents a broad spectrum of cattle breeds, ranging from compact dwarf varieties to large-framed draught and dairy animals. Prominent breeds on display include Gir and Kankrej from Gujarat, Krishna Valley from northern Karnataka, Kapila from Maharashtra, Rathi from Rajasthan, Sahiwal from the Punjab–Haryana region, and Tharparkar from the Thar desert.
Kerala’s native breeds, Vechur cattle, Kasaragod dwarf cattle and Red Sindhi also feature prominently, reinforcing the state’s role in conserving indigenous livestock suited to tropical climates and low-input systems.
Productivity Beyond Milk Yield
While breeds such as Gir are recognised for their imposing build, domed foreheads and long drooping ears, others like Krishna Valley cattle are primarily valued for draught power rather than high milk output, producing around three litres per day. This highlights a broader narrative: indigenous breeds contribute not only to milk production but also to agricultural resilience, soil health and farm sustainability.
Goat Breeds Add to Livestock Diversity
The conclave also features several goat breeds, including Jamunapari, Sirohi, Canadian Pygmy and Silky goats, adding depth to the livestock showcase. Jamunapari goats are widely regarded as India’s highest milk-yielding goat breed, while Sirohi goats are known for disease resistance. Canadian Pygmy goats, with their compact size, are suitable for limited spaces, whereas Silky goats attract attention for their long, soft coats and calm temperament.
Implications for Dairy and Livestock Development
Industry observers note that such exhibitions play a crucial role in promoting indigenous breed conservation, improving farmer awareness and encouraging climate-resilient livestock choices. As dairy producers face rising feed costs, climate variability and sustainability pressures, native breeds with their adaptability and lower input needs are regaining strategic importance in India’s dairy ecosystem.
